Co-defendant Dirk Q. arrives for the trial on allegations of organized doping practices in a courtroom in Munich, Germany, 16 September 2020. The Erfurt-based German physician Mark S. (not in the picture) has supposedly provided illegal performance enhancing blood transfusions as a well-organized service to some 21 athletes from various disciplines, several of whom have confessed. His practice was uncovered during the multinational Investigation ‚Operation Aderlass‘ (Operation Bloodletting) after doping admissions by an Austrian cross-country skier in February 2019.